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<title>IPadOS 15</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main">iPadOS 15</span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">iPadOS 15</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Version of the <a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> operating system</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">iPadOS 15 running on an <a href="IPad_Air_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Air (3rd generation)">iPad Air (3rd generation)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a>, <a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a>, <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, based on <a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> (<a href="Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>), <a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Closed</a> with <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> components</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle#General_availability_(GA)" title="Software release life cycle">General<br>availability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">September 20, 2021<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2021-09-20</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15.8.4<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (March 31, 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-03-31</span>)</span>) <span class=""><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Latest_stable_software_release/iPadOS_15&action=edit">[±]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Tablet_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablet Computer">Tablet Computers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">40 languages<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Over-the-air_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-the-air programming">OTA</a>, software update through <a href="ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>, <a href="Apple_Configurator" title="Apple Configurator">Apple Configurator</a>, or Finder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store">App Store</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Supported platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Supported_devices">See below</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a> (<a href="XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br>user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cocoa_Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocoa Touch">Cocoa Touch</a> (<a href="Multi-touch" title="Multi-touch">multi-touch</a>, <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a> with open-source components</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">iPadOS 14</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">iPadOS 16</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018133335/https://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-15/">www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-15/</a> at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived October 18, 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Tagline</th><td class="infobox-data">Works wonders. With ease.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Support status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Obsolete, no longer receiving security updates. Widespread third-party app support.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Articles in the series</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align: center"><a href="IOS_15" title="IOS 15">iOS 15</a> (derived from)</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>iPadOS 15</b> is the <a href="IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">third major release</a> of the <a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> developed by <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> for its <a href="IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> line of <a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>. The successor to <a href="IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">iPadOS 14</a>, it was announced at the company's <a href="Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">Worldwide Developers Conference</a> (WWDC) on June 7, 2021 along with <a href="IOS_15" title="IOS 15">iOS 15</a>, <a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">macOS Monterey</a>, <a href="WatchOS_8" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 8">watchOS 8</a>, and <a href="TvOS_15" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 15">tvOS 15</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was released to the public on September 20, 2021. It was succeeded by <a href="IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">iPadOS 16</a>, which was released on October 24, 2022.

</p><p>iPadOS 15 is the final version of iPadOS that supports the <a href="IPad_Air_2" title="IPad Air 2">iPad Air 2</a> and the <a href="IPad_Mini_4" title="IPad Mini 4">iPad Mini 4</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="IOS_15#Features" title="IOS 15">Features of iOS 15</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_screen">Home screen</h3></div>

<p>The home screen grid is reduced by one row to accommodate the new widgets when placed (24 icons), and rotates in portrait orientation, just like <a href="IOS_12" title="IOS 12">iOS 12</a> and earlier.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Widgets">Widgets</h4></div>

<p>Widgets can now be placed directly anywhere on the home screen. There are more widgets, many of which now have a new fourth size to pick from, being extra-large.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="App_Library">App Library</h4></div>

<p>iPadOS 15 introduces the App Library from the iPhone in <a href="IOS_14" title="IOS 14">iOS 14</a> to the iPad.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multitasking">Multitasking</h3></div>

<p>New multitasking user interface allows users to enter split view, slide over, enter full screen with quick gestures. The multi window shelf gives quick access to all running apps.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quick_Note">Quick Note</h3></div>

<p>A new feature, called Quick Note, can be taken by swiping from the corner with fingers or the Apple Pencil, the Control Center or a keyboard shortcut.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safari">Safari</h3></div>

<p>Safari has been redesigned, as in <a href="IOS_15" title="IOS 15">iOS 15</a> and <a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">macOS Monterey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safari has tab groups which allow the user to organize tabs into user-defined groups.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users can download third party extensions for Safari in the App Store.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div>

<ul><li>Universal Control allows a user to use a single keyboard and mouse across different Macs and iPads and new keyboard shortcuts have been added in iPadOS 15.4.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The <a href="Translate_(Apple)" title="Translate (Apple)">Translate</a> app is now available in iPadOS 15.</li>

<li>The iPadOS 13 default wallpapers were removed in the first beta of iPadOS 15.</li>

<li>iPadOS 15 features a new wallpaper in two modes: light and dark.</li>

<li>All models of iPad now have a "Low Power Mode" option in Settings, like the iOS "Low Power Mode" option in Settings, and can also be added to the Control Center.</li>

<li>Supports Live Text in iPads with <a href="A12_Bionic" class="mw-redirect" title="A12 Bionic">A12 Bionic</a> or later.</li>

<li>Introduces Focus mode, as in iOS 15 and macOS Monterey.</li>

<li>The Today View has been removed and replaced by widgets placed directly anywhere on the home screen.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supported_devices">Supported devices</h2></div>

<p>All iPads that supported <a href="IPadOS_13" title="IPadOS 13">iPadOS 13</a> and iPadOS 14 also support iPadOS 15.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>iPads with an <a href="Apple_A8" title="Apple A8">A8</a> SoC have limited support.

</p><p>iPads with an <a href="Apple_A8X" title="Apple A8X">A8X</a> SoC have additional features that are unavailable on A8 iPads.

</p><p>iPads with an <a href="Apple_A9" title="Apple A9">A9</a> or <a href="Apple_A9X" title="Apple A9X">A9X</a> SoC have partial support.

</p><p>iPads with an <a href="Apple_A10" title="Apple A10">A10</a> or <a href="Apple_A10X" title="Apple A10X">A10X</a> SoC have almost full support.

</p><p>iPads with an <a href="Apple_A12" title="Apple A12">A12</a>, <a href="Apple_A12X" title="Apple A12X">A12X</a>, <a href="Apple_A12Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple A12Z">A12Z</a>, <a href="Apple_A14" title="Apple A14">A14</a>, <a href="Apple_A15" title="Apple A15">A15</a>, or <a href="Apple_M1" title="Apple M1">M1</a> SoC have full support.

</p>

<li><a href="IPad_Air_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Air (3rd generation)">iPad Air (3rd generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_Air_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Air (4th generation)">iPad Air (4th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_Air_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Air (5th generation)">iPad Air (5th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_(5th_generation)" title="IPad (5th generation)">iPad (5th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_(6th_generation)" title="IPad (6th generation)">iPad (6th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_(7th_generation)" title="IPad (7th generation)">iPad (7th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_(8th_generation)" title="IPad (8th generation)">iPad (8th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_(9th_generation)" title="IPad (9th generation)">iPad (9th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_Mini_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (5th generation)">iPad Mini (5th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_Mini_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (6th generation)">iPad Mini (6th generation)</a></li>

<li><a href="IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a> (all models)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_history">Release history</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="IPadOS_version_history#iPadOS_15" title="IPadOS version history">IPadOS version history § iPadOS 15</a></div>

<p>The first developer beta of iPadOS 15 was released on June 7, 2021, and the first public beta was released on June 30, 2021, six days after the release of the second developer beta. The second public beta was released on July 16, 2021. iPadOS 15 was officially released on September 20, 2021.

</p>

</td>

<td>Previous release

</td>

</td>

<td>Current release

</td>

</td>

<td>Current beta release

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<caption>iPadOS 15 releases<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</caption>

<th>Version

</th>

<th>Release date

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.0

</td>

<td>September 20, 2021

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.0.1

</td>

<td>October 1, 2021

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.0.2

</td>

<td>October 11, 2021

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.1

</td>

<td>October 25, 2021

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.2

</td>

<td>December 13, 2021

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.2.1

</td>

<td>January 12, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.3

</td>

<td>January 26, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.3.1

</td>

<td>February 10, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.4

</td>

<td>March 14, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.4.1

</td>

<td>March 31, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.5

</td>

<td>May 16, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.6

</td>

<td>July 20, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.6.1

</td>

<td>August 17, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.7

</td>

<td>September 12, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.7.1

</td>

<td>October 27, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:#FFDEAD;">15.7.2

</td>

<td>December 13, 2022

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>January 23, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>March 27, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>April 10, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>June 21, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>July 24, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>September 11, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>October 25, 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>January 22, 2024

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>March 5, 2024

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>July 29, 2024

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>March 31, 2025

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-Onlyunsupported16-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Onlyunsupported16_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Only available for devices not supported by iPadOS 16:

</span></li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-15">"IOS 15"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914183129/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNg2025" class="citation news cs1">Ng, Gary (March 31, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iphoneincanada.ca/2025/03/31/download-ios-18-4-and-more/">"You Can Now Download iOS 18.4 for iPhone and More"</a>. <i>iPhone in Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2025</span>. <q>iPadOS 15.8.4 (19H390)</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipad-pro/specs">"Apple – iPad Pro – Specs"</a>. <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190104051324/https://www.apple.com/ipad-pro/specs">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024031402/http://www.apple.com/ipad-mini-4/specs">"Apple – iPad mini 4 – Specs"</a>. <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipad-mini-4/specs">the original</a> on October 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026051534/http://www.apple.com/ipad-air-2/specs">"Apple – iPad Air 2 – Technical Specifications"</a>. <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipad-air-2/specs">the original</a> on October 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190104041336/https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs">"Apple – iPhone XS – Technical Specifications"</a>. <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs">the original</a> on January 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2021" class="citation web cs1">Burns, Matt (June 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/07/ipados-15-announced-at-wwdc-features-improved-multitasking-and-improved-swift-playgrounds-support">"iPadOS 15 announced at WWDC, features improved multitasking and surprising Swift Playgrounds features"</a>. <i><a href="TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608031119/https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/07/ipados-15-announced-at-wwdc-features-improved-multitasking-and-improved-swift-playgrounds-support">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCipriani2021" class="citation web cs1">Cipriani, Jason (June 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/how-to/ios-15-and-ipados-15-how-to-download-and-install-apples-latest-software">"iOS 15 and iPadOS 15: How to download and install Apple's latest software"</a>. <i><a href="CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608031714/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/ios-15-and-ipados-15-how-to-download-and-install-apples-latest-software">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFApple" class="citation web cs1">Apple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-preview">"Apple official website"</a>. <i>Apple</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610080724/https://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-preview/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imore.com/how-use-app-library-your-iphone">"App Library is here to help you sort through your app clutter"</a>. <i>iMore</i>. 2021-06-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216163641/https://www.imore.com/how-use-app-library-your-iphone">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFApple" class="citation web cs1">Apple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-preview">"Apple official website"</a>. <i>Apple</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610080724/https://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-preview/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCipriani" class="citation web cs1">Cipriani, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-ipados-15-review/">"iPadOS 15 hands-on review: What works and doesn't work"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719232822/https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-ipados-15-review/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imore.com/how-use-tab-groups-safari-iphone-and-ipad">"Safari will allow you to organize tabs into groups in iOS and iPadOS 15"</a>. <i>iMore</i>. 2021-06-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209220759/https://www.imore.com/how-use-tab-groups-safari-iphone-and-ipad">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.igeeksblog.com/how-to-use-safari-extensions-on-iphone-ipad">"How to use Safari extensions in iOS 15 on iPhone and iPad"</a>. <i>iGeeksBlog</i>. 2021-06-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719232823/https://www.igeeksblog.com/how-to-use-safari-extensions-on-iphone-ipad/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFApple" class="citation web cs1">Apple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-preview">"Apple official website"</a>. <i>Apple</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608151101/http://www.apple.com/ipados/ipados-preview/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/ipad/ipad213a25b2/ipados">"iPad models compatible with iPadOS 15.4"</a>. <i>Apple Support</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725230249/https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/ipad/ipad213a25b2/ipados">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/HT212789">"About iPadOS 15 Updates"</a>. <i>Apple Support</i>. 11 September 2023.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipados">iPadOS</a></span></span> – official site</li>

<li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/ipados">iPadOS</a></span></span> – official developer site</li>

<li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/ios-ipados-release-notes">iPadOS</a></span></span> – iOS/iPadOS Reference Library</li>

<li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/guide/personal-safety/welcome/web">iPadOS</a></span></span> – Personal Safety User Guide</li></ul>

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</style><div id="iOS_and_iOS-based_products312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and iOS-based products</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li>History

<li><a href="IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Issues_relating_to_iOS" title="Issues relating to iOS">Issues</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_iOS" title="Outline of iOS">Outline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>iPhone SE

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a></li>

<li><a href="HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS<wbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived from iOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li>

<li><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features <wbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AirDrop" title="AirDrop">AirDrop</a></li>

<li><a href="AirPlay" title="AirPlay">AirPlay</a></li>

<li><a href="AirPrint" title="AirPrint">AirPrint</a></li>

<li><a href="CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_Center_(Apple)" title="Control Center (Apple)">Control Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Crash_Detection" title="Crash Detection">Crash Detection</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_Shift_(software)" title="Night Shift (software)">Night Shift</a></li>

<li><a href="Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li>

<li><a href="Spotlight_(Apple)" title="Spotlight (Apple)">Spotlight</a></li>

<li><a href="SpringBoard" title="SpringBoard">SpringBoard</a></li>

<li><a href="VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SDK & API <wbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Foundation_Kit" title="Foundation Kit">Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="UIKit" title="UIKit">UIKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Animation" title="Core Animation">Core Animation</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Home" title="Apple Home">HomeKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-App_Audio" title="Inter-App Audio">Inter-App Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid_Glass" title="Liquid Glass">Liquid Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Workouts_(Apple)#GymKit_API" title="Workouts (Apple)">GymKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_(Apple)#HealthKit_API" title="Health (Apple)">HealthKit</a></li>

<li><a href="SwiftUI" title="SwiftUI">SwiftUI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_built-in_iOS_apps" title="List of built-in iOS apps">Bundled<wbr> apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li>

<li><a href="Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="Clock_(Apple)" title="Clock (Apple)">Clock</a></li>

<li><a href="Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li>

<li><a href="FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Freeform_(Apple)" title="Freeform (Apple)">Freeform</a></li>

<li><a href="Files_(Apple)" title="Files (Apple)">Files</a></li>

<li><a href="Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a>

<ul><li><a href="Workouts_(Apple)" title="Workouts (Apple)">Workouts</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Health_(Apple)" title="Health (Apple)">Health</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mindfulness_(Apple)" title="Mindfulness (Apple)">Mindfulness</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Journal_(Apple)" title="Journal (Apple)">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_iOS_apps#Measure" title="List of built-in iOS apps">Measure</a></li>

<li><a href="Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_(app)" title="Music (app)">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Passwords_(Apple)" title="Passwords (Apple)">Passwords</a></li>

<li><a href="Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li>

<li><a href="Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li>

<li><a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortcuts_(Apple)" title="Shortcuts (Apple)">Shortcuts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_iOS_apps#Stocks" title="List of built-in iOS apps">Stocks</a></li>

<li><a href="Translate_(Apple)" title="Translate (Apple)">Translate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_iOS_apps#Voice_Memos" title="List of built-in iOS apps">Voice Memos</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_(Apple)" title="Weather (Apple)">Weather</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Watch#Software" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Find_My#Background" title="Find My">Find My Friends</a></li>

<li><a href="Find_My" title="Find My">Find My iPhone</a></li>

<li><a href="Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apple<wbr> apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li>

<li><a href="Clips_(software)" title="Clips (software)">Clips</a></li>

<li><a href="GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li>

<li><a href="IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li>

<li><a href="IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a>

<ul><li><a href="Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li>

<li><a href="Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li>

<li><a href="Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Invites" title="Apple Invites">Invites</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></li>

<li><a href="IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes_Remote" title="ITunes Remote">iTunes Remote</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li>

<li><a href="App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Family_Sharing" title="Family Sharing">Family Sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li>

<li><a href="ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a></li>

<li><a href="IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">iTunes Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Push_Notification_service" title="Apple Push Notification service">Push Notifications</a></li>

<li><a href="TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">Shows</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul>

<li><a href="ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></li>

<li><a href="MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a></li>

<li>Controversies

<li><a href="IPhone_4#Antenna" title="IPhone 4">Antennagate</a></li>

<li><a href="Batterygate" title="Batterygate">Batterygate</a></li>

<li><a href="IPhone_6#Bendgate_(chassis_bending)" title="IPhone 6">Bendgate</a></li>

<li><a href="IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">Jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="FairPlay" title="FairPlay">FairPlay</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_iOS_applications" title="List of free and open-source iOS applications">Free and open-source apps</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_iOS_games" title="List of iOS games">Games</a></li>

<li><a href="IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">iPhone history</a></li>

<li><a href="IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">iPhone hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Metal_(API)" title="Metal (API)">Metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems_by_Apple405" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Operating_systems_by_Apple405" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Operating systems by <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, <a href="Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a>, <a href="Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>

<ul><li><a href="Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a>

<li><a href="MacWorks_XL" title="MacWorks XL">MacWorks</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="System_1" title="System 1">System 1</a></li>

<li><a href="Classic_Mac_OS#System_1,_2,_3,_and_4" title="Classic Mac OS">Systems 2, 3, and 4</a></li>

<li><a href="Classic_Mac_OS#System_Software_5" title="Classic Mac OS">System 5</a></li>

<li><a href="System_6" title="System 6">System 6</a></li>

<li><a href="System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a>

<ul><li><a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Core

<ul><li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>

<li>Desktop

<ul><li>Mac OS X

<ul><li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li>

<li>OS X

<ul><li><a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul></li>

<li>macOS

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">26 Tahoe</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Mac OS X Server 1.0</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Shipped

<li><a href="AIX_for_Apple_Network_Servers" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX for Apple Network Servers">AIX for Apple Network Servers</a></li>

<li><a href="MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerOpen_Environment" title="PowerOpen Environment">PowerOpen Environment</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Cancelled

<li><a href="Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li>

<li><a href="Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nukernel" title="Nukernel">Nukernel</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vanguard_(microkernel)" title="Vanguard (microkernel)">Vanguard</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>iPhone OS

<li>iOS

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li>

<li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li>

<li><a href="AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li>

<li><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_iTunes#Devices" title="History of iTunes">iPod software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">List</a> • <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Darwin-derived_operating_systems463" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Darwin-derived_operating_systems463" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>-<a href="Darwin_(operating_system)#Derived_projects" title="Darwin (operating system)">derived</a> <a href="List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a>

<ul><li><a href="GNUstep" title="GNUstep">GNUstep</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li>

<li><a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Mac OS X

<ul><li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li>

<li>OS X

<ul><li><a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul></li>

<li>macOS

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">macOS 10.12 Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">26 Tahoe</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server" title="Mac OS X Server">Mac OS X<br>Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_10.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_10.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.2">10.2 (Jaguar)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_10.3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.3">10.3 (Panther)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_10.4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.4">10.4 (Tiger)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_10.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.5">10.5 Leopard Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_10.6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.6">10.6 Snow Leopard Server</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Apple_TV_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software">TV Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Forks from iOS with 4</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>iPhone OS

<li>iOS

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>TV Software

<li>tvOS

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="audioOS11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="bridgeOS12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Forks from tvOS with 13.4</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="visionOS12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Apple<br>distributions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="OpenDarwin" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDarwin">OpenDarwin</a></li>

<li><a href="PureDarwin" class="mw-redirect" title="PureDarwin">PureDarwin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">macOS version history</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server version history">Mac OS X Server version history</a></li>

<li><a href="TvOS_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS version history">tvOS version history</a></li>

<li><a href="IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS version history</a></li>

<li><a href="IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS version history</a></li>

<li><a href="WatchOS_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS version history">watchOS version history</a></li>

<li><a href="AudioOS_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS version history">audioOS version history</a><br><i>Italics</i> denote upcoming products</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems_and_compatibility_layers622" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems_and_compatibility_layers622" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> and <a href="Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">compatibility layers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Unix_architecture" title="Unix architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Unix_filesystem" title="Unix filesystem">Filesystem</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Unix" title="History of Unix">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Unix_philosophy" title="Unix philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Unix_security" title="Unix security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Shell</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br>systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><b><a href="Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></li>

<li><a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li>

<li><a href="DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>

<ul><li><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li>

<li><a href="AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li>

<li><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li>

<li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li>

<li><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="DYNIX" title="DYNIX">DYNIX</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="SunOS" title="SunOS">SunOS</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Ultrix" title="Ultrix">Ultrix</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li>

<li><a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></li>

<li><a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></li>

<li><a href="Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Other distributions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><b><a href="UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">System V</a></b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="OpenServer" title="OpenServer">OpenServer</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="UnixWare" title="UnixWare">UnixWare</a></i></li></ul>

<ul><li><i><a href="Coherent_(operating_system)" title="Coherent (operating system)">Coherent</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Domain/OS" title="Domain/OS">Domain/OS</a></li>

<li><a href="LynxOS" title="LynxOS">LynxOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Minix" title="Minix">Minix</a></li>

<ul><li><i><a href="BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Research_Unix" title="Research Unix">Research Unix</a></i></li>

<li><a href="SerenityOS" title="SerenityOS">SerenityOS</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility<br>layers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a></li>

<li><a href="Darling_(software)" title="Darling (software)">Darling</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Eunice_(software)" title="Eunice (software)">Eunice</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="MachTen" title="MachTen">MachTen</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">Microsoft POSIX subsystem</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="MKS_Toolkit" title="MKS Toolkit">MKS Toolkit</a></i></li>

<li><a href="UNIX_System_Services" title="UNIX System Services">UNIX System Services</a></li>

<li><a href="UserLAnd_Technologies" title="UserLAnd Technologies">UserLAnd Technologies</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued systems. <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Unix" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Unix">Commons</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Operating_systems310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of operating systems">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Forensic_software_engineering" title="Forensic software engineering">Forensic engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_operating_systems" title="History of operating systems">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_user_features_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of user features of operating systems">User features comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_operating_system" title="Distributed operating system">Distributed operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">Embedded operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Hobbyist_operating_system" title="Hobbyist operating system">Hobbyist operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Just_enough_operating_system" title="Just enough operating system">Just enough operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">Network operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_operating_system" title="Object-oriented operating system">Object-oriented operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputer_operating_system" title="Supercomputer operating system">Supercomputer operating system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multikernel" title="Multikernel">Multikernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Unikernel" title="Unikernel">Unikernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Loadable kernel module</a></li>

<li><a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">User space and kernel space</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">Computer multitasking</a> (<a href="Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">Cooperative</a>, <a href="Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Context_switch" title="Context switch">Context switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Interrupt" title="Interrupt">Interrupt</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_control_block" title="Process control block">Process control block</a></li>

<li><a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling<br>algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling">Fixed-priority preemptive</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilevel_feedback_queue" title="Multilevel feedback queue">Multilevel feedback queue</a></li>

<li><a href="Round-robin_scheduling" title="Round-robin scheduling">Round-robin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortest_job_next" title="Shortest job next">Shortest job next</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Memory_management_(operating_systems)" title="Memory management (operating systems)">Memory management</a>,<br><a href="System_resource" title="System resource">resource</a> protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_error" title="Bus error">Bus error</a></li>

<li><a href="General_protection_fault" title="General protection fault">General protection fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">Memory protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Protection_ring" title="Protection ring">Protection ring</a></li>

<li><a href="Segmentation_fault" title="Segmentation fault">Segmentation fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Storage</a> access,<br><a href="File_system" title="File system">file systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Booting#BOOT-LOADER" title="Booting">Boot loader</a></li>

<li><a href="Defragmentation" title="Defragmentation">Defragmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_file" title="Device file">Device file</a></li>

<li><a href="File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a></li>

<li><a href="Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li>

<li><a href="Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Partition</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_tape_library" title="Virtual tape library">Virtual tape library</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Shell</a>

<li><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_operating_systems880" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mobile_operating_systems880" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones, OSes</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Mobile app distributions</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Mobile app development</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_custom_Android_distributions" title="List of custom Android distributions">forks</a></li>

<li><a href="Android_Go" title="Android Go">Android Go</a></li>

<li><a href="EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a>, <a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (Linux kernel subsystem)</li>

<li><a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>

<ul><li><a href="ChromeOS_Flex" title="ChromeOS Flex">ChromeOS Flex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a>

<ul><li><a href="HMD_Global#Smart_Feature_OS" title="HMD Global">Smart Feature OS</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle firmware</a></li>

<li><a href="LuneOS" title="LuneOS">LuneOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Maemo#Maemo_Leste" title="Maemo">Maemo Leste</a></li>

<li><a href="Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>

<li><a href="MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a></li>

<li><a href="MontaVista" title="MontaVista">MontaVista</a>

<ul><li><a href="MotoMagx" title="MotoMagx">MotoMagx</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="OpenEmbedded" title="OpenEmbedded">OpenEmbedded</a>

<ul><li><a href="%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_distribution" title="Ångström distribution">Ångström</a></li>

<li><a href="Openmoko_Linux" title="Openmoko Linux">Openmoko Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="QtMoko" class="mw-redirect" title="QtMoko">QtMoko</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenEZX" title="OpenEZX">OpenEZX</a></li>

<li><a href="WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>/<br><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Mobility</a></li>

<li><a href="Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro</a> ARM</li>

<li><a href="PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></li>

<li><a href="PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li>

<li><a href="SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a>

<ul><li><a href="UBports" class="mw-redirect" title="UBports">UBports</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mobian" title="Mobian">Mobian</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a>

<li><a href="Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li>

<li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a>

<ul><li><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li>

<li><a href="BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft<br>Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Windows_XP_editions#Tablet_PC_Edition" title="Windows XP editions">Windows XP Tablet PC Edition</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>

<li><a href="Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>

<ul><li><a href="Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Zircon_(microkernel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircon (microkernel)">Zircon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita system software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>,<br><a href="HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></li>

<li><a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a>

<ul><li><a href="HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a> (non GMS-based)</li>

<li><a href="LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></li>

<li>Huawei Band OS</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Amazfit OS

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a><br>system software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a></li>

<li><a href="Nintendo_DSi_system_software" title="Nintendo DSi system software">Nintendo DSi system software</a></li>

<li><a href="Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch system software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Minix_3" title="Minix 3">Minix 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intel_Management_Engine" title="Intel Management Engine">Intel Management Engine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Binary_Runtime_Environment_for_Wireless" title="Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless">Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless</a> (BREW)</li>

<li><a href="BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_Cap" title="Magic Cap">Magic Cap</a></li>

<li><a href="Nokia_Asha_platform" title="Nokia Asha platform">Nokia Asha platform</a></li>

<li><a href="PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PalmDOS">PalmDOS</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">PlayStation Portable system software</a></li>

<li><a href="Sony_Ericsson_Java_Platform" title="Sony Ericsson Java Platform">Sony Ericsson Java Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Portal%3ASoftware" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Software">Software</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Mobile operating systems</li>

<li>Mobile applications</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ATelecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_Inc.606" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Apple_Inc.606" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_Apple_Inc." title="Outline of Apple Inc.">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of products</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_practices_of_Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental practices of Apple">Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Marketing_of_Apple_Inc." title="Marketing of Apple Inc.">Marketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_supply_chain" title="Apple supply chain">Supply chain</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Trade unions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a>

<li><a href="Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">Mac models</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Mac_models_grouped_by_CPU_type" title="List of Mac models grouped by CPU type">grouped by CPU type</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">Hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">History</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhone models</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">Accessories</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPad models</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_SIM" title="Apple SIM">Apple SIM</a></li>

<li><a href="AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li>

<li><a href="Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a>

<li><a href="HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a>

<li><a href="Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operatingsystems58" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">Operating<br>systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> / <a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a>

<ul><li><a href="IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS history</a></li>

<li><a href="IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS history</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li>

<li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li>

<li><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></i></li>

<li><a href="VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li>

<li><a href="Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li>

<li><a href="HomeKit" class="mw-redirect" title="HomeKit">HomeKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li>

<li><a href="FileMaker" title="FileMaker">FileMaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a>

<li><a href="Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li>

<li><a href="Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a>

<ul><li><a href="MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li>

<li><a href="IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li>

<li><i><a href="IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li>

<li><a href="IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a>

<ul><li><a href="Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li>

<li><a href="Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li>

<li><a href="Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li>

<li><a href="SceneKit" title="SceneKit">SceneKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li>

<li><a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li>

<li><a href="Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a>

<li><i><a href="Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Apple_Music_Festival" title="Apple Music Festival">Festival</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></i></li>

<ul><li><i><a href="Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">originals</a></li>

<li><a href="MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Walkie-Talkie_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkie-Talkie (Apple)">Walkie-Talkie</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Invites" title="Apple Invites">Invites</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and<br>digital sales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">macOS</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>

<ul><li><a href="ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">Connect</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Store</a>

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Michigan_Avenue" title="Apple Michigan Avenue">Michigan Avenue</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AppleCare%2B" title="AppleCare+">AppleCare+</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_certification_programs" title="Apple certification programs">Certifications</a></li>

<li><a href="Genius_Bar" title="Genius Bar">Genius Bar</a></li>

<li><i><a href="ProCare" title="ProCare">ProCare</a></i></li>

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Account" title="Apple Account">Apple Account</a> (formerly <i>Apple ID</i>)

<ul><li><a href="Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Developer" title="Apple Developer">Developer</a>

<li><a href="TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li>

<li><a href="ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a></li>

<li><a href="Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li>

<ul><li>Detailed City Experience</li>

<li><a href="Flyover_(Apple_Maps)" title="Flyover (Apple Maps)">Flyover</a></li>

<li><a href="Look_Around_(Apple)" title="Look Around (Apple)">Look Around</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_IMC" title="Apple IMC">Apple IMC</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li>

<li><a href="Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li>

<li><a href="Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a></li>

<li><a href="Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li>

<li><a href="AuthenTec" title="AuthenTec">AuthenTec</a></li>

<li><a href="Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li>

<li><a href="Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li>

<li><a href="BIS_Records" title="BIS Records">BIS Records</a></li>

<li><a href="EditGrid" title="EditGrid">EditGrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Emagic" title="Emagic">Emagic</a></li>

<li><a href="FingerWorks" title="FingerWorks">FingerWorks</a></li>

<li><a href="Intrinsity" title="Intrinsity">Intrinsity</a></li>

<li><a href="InVisage_Technologies" title="InVisage Technologies">InVisage Technologies</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Keyboard_Company" title="The Keyboard Company">The Keyboard Company</a></li>

<li><a href="Metaio" title="Metaio">Metaio</a></li>

<li><a href="Nothing_Real" title="Nothing Real">Nothing Real</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_Computing_Corporation" title="Power Computing Corporation">Power Computing</a></li>

<li><a href="PrimeSense" title="PrimeSense">PrimeSense</a></li>

<li><a href="Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam Entertainment Limited</a></li>

<li><a href="Texture_(app)" title="Texture (app)">Texture</a></li>

<li><a href="Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partnerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a></i>

<ul><li><i><a href="Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a></i></li>

<li><a href="IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li>

<li><a href="Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination</a></li>

<li><a href="Rockstar_Consortium" title="Rockstar Consortium">Rockstar Consortium</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Inc._advertising" title="Apple Inc. advertising">Advertising</a>

<li>"<a href="Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>"</li>

<li><a href="Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_ecosystem" title="Apple ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">Events</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Apple_Inc." title="Criticism of Apple Inc.">Criticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li>

<li>Headquarters

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Campus">Campus</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_University" title="Apple University">University</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Inc._design_motifs" title="Apple Inc. design motifs">Design</a>

<li><a href="Typography_of_Apple_Inc." title="Typography of Apple Inc.">Typography</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Apple_codenames" title="List of Apple codenames">Codenames</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">Apple FileWare</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_community" title="Apple community">Community</a>

<ul><li><a href="AppleMasters" title="AppleMasters">AppleMasters</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Litigation_involving_Apple_Inc." title="Litigation involving Apple Inc.">Litigation</a>

<ul><li><a href="United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">2024 U.S. antitrust case</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Inc._v._Pepper" title="Apple Inc. v. Pepper">App Store antitrust case</a></li>

<li><a href="High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">Non-recruiting agreements</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_v._Apple_(2012)" title="United States v. Apple (2012)">Price-fixing ebooks</a></li>

<li><a href="FBI%E2%80%93Apple_encryption_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–Apple encryption dispute">FBI encryption dispute</a></li>

<li><a href="Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="IOS_app_approvals" title="IOS app approvals">iOS app approvals</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Unions</a>

<ul><li><a href="AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions of Steve Jobs</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux</a>

<ul><li><a href="Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Car project</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a> (COO)</li>

<li><a href="Kevan_Parekh" title="Kevan Parekh">Kevan Parekh</a> (CFO)</li>

<li><a href="Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine Adams</a> (General Counsel)</li>

<li><a href="Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li>

<li><a href="Isabel_Ge_Mahe" title="Isabel Ge Mahe">Isabel Ge Mahe</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li>

<li><a href="Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa Jackson</a></li>

<li><a href="Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabih_Khan" title="Sabih Khan">Sabih Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a></li>

<li><a href="Deirdre_O'Brien" title="Deirdre O'Brien">Deirdre O'Brien</a></li>

<li><a href="Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li>

<li><a href="Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li>

<li><a href="Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (CEO)</li>

<li><a href="John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li>

<li><a href="Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Browett" title="John Browett">John Browett</a></li>

<li><a href="Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Deneve" title="Paul Deneve">Paul Deneve</a></li>

<li><a href="Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li>

<li><a href="Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li>

<li><a href="Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li>

<li><a href="Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li>

<li><a href="Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li>

<li><a href="Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li>

<li><a href="Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li>

<li><a href="Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li>

<li><a href="Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li>

<li><a href="Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li>

<li><a href="Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br>directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a> (Chairman)</li>

<li><a href="Wanda_Austin" title="Wanda Austin">Wanda Austin</a></li>

<li><a href="Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li>

<li><a href="Monica_C._Lozano" title="Monica C. Lozano">Monica C. Lozano</a></li>

<li><a href="Ronald_Sugar" title="Ronald Sugar">Ronald D. Sugar</a></li>

<li><a href="Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan L. Wagner</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (Chairman)</li>

<li><a href="John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (Chairman)</li>

<li><a href="Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (Chairman)</li>

<li><a href="Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li>

<li><a href="Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li>

<li><a href="Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)" title="Bill Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a></li>

<li><a href="Mickey_Drexler" title="Mickey Drexler">Mickey Drexler</a></li>

<li><a href="Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li>

<li><a href="Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li>

<li><a href="Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Robert A. Iger</a></li>

<li><a href="Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li>

<li><a href="Edgar_S._Woolard_Jr." title="Edgar S. Woolard Jr.">Edgar S. Woolard Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerry_York_(businessman)" title="Jerry York (businessman)">Jerry York</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li>

<li><a href="Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li>

<li><a href="Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=IPadOS_15&oldid=1304089773">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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